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S

Strain stiffening

is region in a stress-strain curve of a material where the value of stress is continuously
increasing with strain, which effectively corresponds to a stiffening of the material during deformation; opposite of strain softening behavior.

Strength

is the ability of the structure to resist the influence of the external forces acting upon it

Stress

 is defined as force per unit are

Stress - Strain Diagram

is a plot of the stress on the ordinate (y-axis) versus the strain on the abscissa (x-axis).

T

Tensile Strength

Tensile Strength is the maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before failure.

Thin-walled pressure vessels

there are  cylindrical spherical conical or toroidal shells subject to internal or external pressure from а gas or а liquid.

Toughness

is a material property and a measure of the energy a material can contain. It is the area under the entire stress-strain diagram (up to the point of failure).

U

Ultimate Stress

 is a material property that indicates the maximum stress the material has been observed to sustain.

Unit state

of beam is corresponding to the case, when a beam is loaded with only unity effort

Y

Yield Point

is the ordinate of the point  Y   at which there is an increase in strain with no increase in stress

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