1. 3D graphics

In 1961, Sutherland launched the era of computer graphics.

In 1967, he and Evans began work on creating a computer graphics training course.

At that time, the Utah State University (U.S.) worked: Jim Clarke is the founder of Silicon Graphics Inc., John Warnock is the founder of Adobe Systems and the developer of such famous products as Photoshop and PostScript.

Initially, the bulk image of objects was formed on the basis of a set of geometric shapes (most often triangles).

The geometric shapes had a monotonous dent, and the foreground objects covered the ones that were placed in the background. In 1971 Gourou proposed to paint triangles with a linear change in the intensity between their vertices. This allowed for a more smooth change in the intensity along the surface of the objects. In 1974, Ketmell proposed the concept of Z-buffer, which accelerated the process of extracting hidden faces.

Another invention of Katmula is the overlay of a texture on the surface of three-dimensional objects, which ensures the realism of these objects. Wu Tong Fong suggested interpolating the shades of the whole surface of the polygon, which provides better smoothness, although it requires considerably higher computations.

In 1997, Macromedia acquired the FutureWare company 's small graphical Web application, which launched the well-known Macromedia Flash computer animation program. In May 1998, the Maya release began.

Presentation of graphics information

Maple implements all variants of mathematical graphs - from the construction of graphs of simple functions in Cartesian and polar coordinate systems, to create realistic images of complex structures in space with their functional coloring.

There are two methods for representing images - raster and vector.

When scanning method, the image appears as a set ( raster ) points or pixels (pixel by pixel element - element of the image).

For the encoding of brightness of any point there are enough eight digits, which allows to provide 256 color gradations, for example, gray - from black to white.

Any color that a person sees can be obtained by mixing three basic colors: R (red), G (green) and B (blue):

  • red (255, 0, 0);
  • yellow (255, 255, 0);
  • white (255, 255, 255);
  • green (0, 255, 0);
  • blue (0, 255, 255);
  • blue (0, 0, 255);
  • purple (255, 0, 255).

This encoding system provides 16.5 million different colors (True color).

In addition to the RGB color coding model, also used:

  • CMY (Cyan - Magenta - Yellow - blue-purple-yellow) - for receiving images on a white surface (sheets of paper);
  • HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value - hue, saturation, magnitude) - something like the artwork with the palette of colors.